ABSTRACT
Resumo Malformação congênita, segunda maior causa de mortalidade infantil, constitui condição de vulnerabilidade importante na gravidez, que repercute desfavoravelmente na saúde mental da gestante. Objetivou-se estudar o impacto do momento do diagnóstico de malformação congênita sobre a saúde mental de 66 gestantes em atendimento pré-natal. Para isso, as participantes responderam ao Questionário "Momento da notícia", o qual identifica variáveis psicossociais relativas ao momento do diagnóstico da deficiência, e as Escalas Beck, para avaliar sinais e sintomas de ansiedade (Beck Anxiety Inventory) e depressão (Beck Depression Inventory). Todas receberam a notícia através de um médico, sendo 19 no segundo trimestre gestacional. Quatorze consideraram a transmissão do diagnóstico apropriada. No entanto, quando a notícia ocorreu no primeiro trimestre, tanto indicadores de ansiedade (p = 0,0009) quanto de depressão (p = 0,000004) se associaram ao momento da comunicação do diagnóstico; diferente de quando a gestante era comunicada no segundo trimestre, ao qual esteve associado somente os indicadores de depressão (p = 0,0462). Discute-se indicadores de ansiedade e depressão na gestação relacionados ao diagnóstico de malformação congênita como agravantes da vulnerabilidade física e psíquica durante a gestação.
Abstract Congenital malformation, the second largest cause of infant mortality, is an important cause of vulnerability during pregnancy, and it has an unfavorable effect on the mental health of pregnant woman. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the moment of diagnosis of congenital malformation on the mental health of 66 pregnant women receiving prenatal care. The participants answered the questionnaire "Momento da notícia" (Moment of diagnosis), which identifies psychosocial variables related to the moment of diagnosis. The Beck Scales were also used to assess signs and symptoms of anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory). All participants were given the diagnosis by a physician, and 19 were notified during the second trimester of pregnancy. The diagnosis communication was considered adequate by fourteen participants. However, when the diagnosis was notified during the first trimester of pregnancy it was associated with indicators of anxiety (p = 0.0009) and depression (p = 0.000004). Different results were found when the mother was notified during the second trimester, when only the indicators of depression were associated to the diagnosis received (p = 0.0462). The present study addressed the indicators of anxiety and depression during pregnancy associated to the diagnosis of congenital malformation as risk factors for the physical and psychological vulnerability during this period.